Introduction to Vane Pumps
Objectives
- Explain basic vane pumping functions
- List common causes of vane pump wear
Vane Pumps
Many vane pumps have a box-shaped housing.
Center
Outlet Port
Inlet Port
Shaft
Housing
Eaton/Vickers Vane Pump Design
Vane pumps are a little like a Swiss watch: full of small, intricate parts wrapped up in a tidy package.
Cartridge
Despite the fragile appearance of the vane pump internal works, it is an excellent flow source for many applications.
Port
Plate
Plate
Cam Ring
Vanes
Rotor
Port
Plate
Plate
Vane Pump Cartridge - Exploded View
It has a higher volumetric efficiency rating than gear pumps, which makes it suitable for medium-high system pressures.
There are two main designs for vane pumps.
- Balanced - Fixed displacement
- Unbalanced - Fixed or variable displacement/pressure compensated
A simplified balanced vane pump design.
A simplified unbalanced vane pump design.
Pumping Action
Vane pumps have a rotor that spins inside a large circular or oval chamber called a cam ring.
Vane chambers increase in volume on the inlet side where they take in fluid, and decrease in volume on the discharge side which forces the fluid out of the pump.
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Vacuum Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
Low Pressure
Medium Pressure
High Pressure
Ground/Common
Lowest Voltage
Medium Voltage
Highest Voltage
Magnetic Field